Đặt \(\left(\sqrt{a};\sqrt{b};\sqrt{c}\right)=\left(x;y;z\right)\Rightarrow x+y+z=1\)

BĐT trở thành: \(\dfrac{xy}{\sqrt{x^2+y^2+2z^2}}+\dfrac{yz}{\sqrt{y^2+z^2+2x^2}}+\dfrac{zx}{\sqrt{x^2+z^2+2y^2}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\)

Ta có:

\(x^2+z^2+y^2+z^2\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left(x+z\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(y+z\right)^2\ge\left(x+z\right)\left(y+z\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{xy}{\sqrt{x^2+y^2+2z^2}}\le\dfrac{xy}{\sqrt{\left(x+z\right)\left(y+z\right)}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{xy}{x+z}+\dfrac{xy}{y+z}\right)\)

Tương tự: \(\dfrac{yz}{\sqrt{y^2+z^2+2x^2}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{yz}{x+y}+\dfrac{yz}{x+z}\right)\)

\(\dfrac{zx}{\sqrt{z^2+x^2+2y^2}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{zx}{x+y}+\dfrac{zx}{y+z}\right)\)

Cộng vế với vế:

\(VT\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{zx+yz}{x+y}+\dfrac{xy+zx}{y+z}+\dfrac{yz+xy}{z+x}\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(x+y+z\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}\) (đpcm)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z\) hay \(a=b=c\)

Áp dụng BĐT Cosi:

\(\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{b^2+ab}}=\dfrac{a\sqrt{2}}{\sqrt{2\left(b^2+ab\right)}}=\dfrac{a\sqrt{2}}{\sqrt{2b\left(a+b\right)}}\ge\dfrac{a\sqrt{2}}{\dfrac{2b+a+b}{2}}=\dfrac{2\sqrt{2}a}{a+3b}\)

Cmtt: \(\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{c^2+bc}}\ge\dfrac{2\sqrt{2}b}{b+3c};\dfrac{c}{\sqrt{a^2+ca}}\ge\dfrac{2\sqrt{2}c}{c+3a}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow P\ge2\sqrt{2}\left(\dfrac{a}{a+3b}+\dfrac{b}{b+3c}+\dfrac{c}{c+3a}\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{P}{\sqrt{2}}\ge2\left(\dfrac{a}{a+3b}+\dfrac{b}{b+3c}+\dfrac{c}{c+3a}\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{P}{\sqrt{2}}\ge\dfrac{2\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2+3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\ge\dfrac{2\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)^2}\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{P}{\sqrt{2}}\ge\dfrac{2}{\dfrac{4}{3}}=\dfrac{3}{2}\\ \Leftrightarrow P\ge\dfrac{3\sqrt{2}}{2}\)

Dấu \("="\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)

a.

Áp dụng hệ thức lượt trong tam giác vuông ta có:

$\frac{1}{AH^2}=\frac{1}{AB^2}+\frac{1}{AC^2}$

$\Leftrightarrow \frac{1}{AC^2}=\frac{1}{AH^2}-\frac{1}{AB^2}=\frac{1}{3a^2}$

$\Rightarrow AC=\sqrt{3}a$

$BC=\sqrt{AB^2+AC^2}=\sqrt{a^2+3a^2}=2a$

b.

$HB=\frac{BC}{4}$ thì $HC=\frac{3}{4}BC$

$\Rightarrow \frac{HB}{HC}=\frac{1}{3}$

Áp dụng hệ thức lượt trong tam giác vuông:

$AB^2=BH.BC; AC^2=CH.BC$

$\Rightarrow \frac{AB}{AC}=\sqrt{\frac{BH}{CH}}=\frac{\sqrt{3}}{3}$

Áp dụng định lý Pitago:

$4a^2=BC^2=AB^2+AC^2=(\frac{\sqrt{3}}{3}.AC)^2+AC^2$

$\Rightarrow AC=\sqrt{3}a$

$\Rightarrow AB=a$

c. 

Áp dụng hệ thức lượt trong tam giác vuông:

$AB^2=BH.BC$

$\Leftrightarrow AB^2=BH(BH+CH)$

$\Leftrightarrow a^2=BH(BH+\frac{3}{2}a)$

$\Leftrightarrow BH^2+\frac{3}{2}aBH-a^2=0$

$\Leftrightarrow (BH-\frac{a}{2})(BH+2a)=0$

$\Rightarrow BH=\frac{a}{2}$
$BC=BH+CH=2a$

$AC=\sqrt{BC^2-AB^2}=\sqrt{3}a$

d. Tương tự phần a.

Hình vẽ:

Sửa \(\le\) thành \(\ge\) nha bạn

\(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}=1\Leftrightarrow ab+bc+ca=abc\)

Ta có \(\dfrac{a^2}{a+bc}=\dfrac{a^3}{a^2+abc}=\dfrac{a^3}{a^2+ab+bc+ca}=\dfrac{a^3}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}\)

Tương tự: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{b^2}{b+ca}=\dfrac{b^3}{\left(b+a\right)\left(b+c\right)}\\\dfrac{c^2}{c+ba}=\dfrac{c^3}{\left(c+b\right)\left(c+a\right)}\end{matrix}\right.\)

Áp dụng BĐT cosi:

\(\dfrac{a^3}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}+\dfrac{a+b}{8}+\dfrac{a+c}{8}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{a^3}{64}}=\dfrac{3}{4}a\)

\(\dfrac{b^3}{\left(b+a\right)\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{a+b}{8}+\dfrac{b+c}{8}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{b^3}{64}}=\dfrac{3}{4}b\)

\(\dfrac{c^3}{\left(c+b\right)\left(c+a\right)}+\dfrac{b+c}{8}+\dfrac{a+c}{8}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{c^3}{64}}=\dfrac{3}{4}c\)

Cộng VTV:

\(\Leftrightarrow VT+\dfrac{a+b}{8}+\dfrac{a+c}{8}+\dfrac{b+c}{8}\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\left(a+b+c\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow VT\ge\dfrac{3\left(a+b+c\right)}{4}-\dfrac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{8}\\ \Leftrightarrow VT\ge\dfrac{a+b+c}{4}\)

Dấu \("="\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=3\)

c=c.1 thay 1 bằng a+b+c xong cô si

Ta có : \(Sin\frac{A}{2}=Sin\widehat{BAM}=Sin\widehat{CAM}=\frac{BH}{AB}=\frac{CK}{CA}\)

\(\Rightarrow sin\frac{A}{2}=\frac{BH}{b}=\frac{CK}{c}\Rightarrow sin^2\frac{A}{2}=\frac{BH.CK}{bc}\)

Lại có : \(BH\le BM;CK\le CM\) 

\(\Rightarrow sin^2\frac{A}{2}\le\frac{BM.CM}{bc}\le\frac{\frac{\left(BM+CM\right)^2}{4}}{bc}=\frac{\frac{BC^2}{4}}{bc}=\frac{a^2}{4bc}\)

\(\Rightarrow sin\frac{A}{2}\le\frac{a}{2\sqrt{bc}}\) (đpcm)